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Organization of distributed systems can be investigated along three orthogonal dimensions Level of sharing  here three possibilities a. No sharing- each application and its data execute at one site, and there is no communication with any other program or access to any data file at other sites. b. Partial sharing - all the programs are replicated at all the sites, but data files are not. Accordingly, user requests are handled at the site where they originate and necessary data files are moved around the network. c. Full Sharing- here both data and programs may be shared, meaning that a program at a given site can request a service from another program at a second site, which, in turn, may have to access a data file located at a third site. 2. Behavior of access patterns  Static or Dynamic 3. 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Qr%n="[-h# Yz$Z5KїkXEq*ښ{+42mQdi@wAƊji&̃O)-4f꼞d-cLr0jUeKluLؤNuaS1ñ>2|}'wk%|5|?jAxWu|_Tz\Ђ]hװ@2"jQHL-+;t+GmrV¹F'o4/K(XG$M0AS5֢wS26tL[ZV|䎵αVn5cӾۻo58I-Ѳ:eVn=vh--)QC* baF]-J<L]/\vbVL KMQ R'_әNg`aƌ['F}1BON ޑ1ˋz "+R RhB.} /<^ITխ%rHK4uK~I0xM e`|X}đ I`߽N4aG2$RKIZ)4(M9`ctB{m:f@`3n|O,ܗr޾jxR0T ,0@}WBLǬ5vPK!8@A/7drs/shapexml.xmlUo0~Ġ4APMB*L{ǁ ;aJu<}wmFZWk,g.k\wə%(;+;h1|}'V^mk}cA~51m`Բ,3^Iv]<?b:/ J ?fOg?ZB< a ;CP| ޶p/h7pVo+ۼ r]UQvIvv>8˭gӋ3%dو1`2.wa$٤Z$@ĺ-XbM}FWIQdgCrqdq*Zp޹z~3#BjϷ_Lȹ׳`3q>rȍ%"&Q񽒔(ξ[^Lm)Ԁk !KjhZR?+JYa1{l-a7v+C\>Cx(@w0Shр~]Y=OݧCCEmduwt=ͫaxNېѺn(]{_f4SX-b%*a:zM,Z 4PbNTT@lպvY[O;0E}W+7N /#maJ"'iDY{J vaΎǡW h)Mxޓ= וM\1MI,L,zF$S@ AzX#&~/ 93PK!Ddrs/downrev.xmlDKk1pnJ(ESЦX]'wu Iu.7_gGFd#SYՙF."5$L9ʞ̆elXP6FWp4udRW[1<\|e33EG떪C~&rR=B܌#HC?_zQjyNm0D[2MPK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!1_a ._rels/.relsPK-!8@A/7)drs/shapexml.xmlPK-!Ddrs/downrev.xmlPK\n^  :2___PPT9  .Objectives of the Design of Data Distribution //C . @b    Gہ0e0e?,Content Placeholder 2r  | 1. Processing Locality  distribute data for maximizing the local processing i.e placing of data as close as possible to the applications which use them. In this aspect complete locality means applications accessing the data are completely executed at their sites of origin. This will not only reduce the remote access but it will also maintain simplicity in execution. 2. Availability and Reliability of Distributed Data  high degree of availability and reliability for read only applications achieved by storing multiple copies of the same information. 3. Workload distribution- This is done for maximizing the degree of parallelism in executing the applications i.e improved query access time. Since this process might negatively affect processing locality, it is necessary to consider the trade-off between them in design. 4. Storage Costs & Availability  Database distribution should reflect the cost and availability of storage at different sites. It is extremely difficult to consider all these above criterion, however it is possible to consider some of the important features as constant, rather than objectives. hd0d[4  r   @  DTjDr}1cOr___PPT10i.Y+D=' = @B +" (      pMہ0e0e?Title 1"ÀPK![Content_Types].xmlJ0*miG]`Hm6 Xwt?. g#Wi3E).+7 >ON ޑ1ˋz "+R RhB.} /<^ITխ%rHK4uK~I0xM e`|X}đ I`߽N4aG2$RKIZ)4(M9`ctB{m:f@`3n|O,ܗr޾jxR0T ,0@}WBLǬ5vPK!4ɼr2drs/shapexml.xmlUQO0~`uR(H MPE|u69{SZ~v iCzΝz~[K*9?:r&QEg7g9X(s_>:736LΗޛqb)kpH$_m v1V:<]TN=P!Q ]O,8CYdGS(c-VHj)xA'"؁A.5K淆Max: O2ژ;Ŭ ۔(9d,]}4ζ9!T O#!LL7W؆s%֓'ȓ >qh8u?DEdУ=Z]Ss.-=C685"lu~ְ`jDέ.AظLDCS )Q]ژ)TǴɸZECuW4A-g,g0>}0+FEŽ\PLHN;Έl tKO[kj/JoCwa{Y?ĵyslY7ӧgx^Ҩ!IjȈmUm YzjP%F)K<#iVq6Bl\hhq6ѸC@B: QUO[\UjMeF}S)/N#maJ"'7iDQ,;J15֎yW h_j}"{L%/PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!1_a ._rels/.relsPK-!4ɼr2)drs/shapexml.xmlPK-!5qdrs/downrev.xmlPKuN23^  :2___PPT9  .POSSIBLE DATA DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES IN DDBMS//C . @Y   ]ہ0e0e?,Content Placeholder 2`  s1. Non-replicated & Non-fragmented- different tables are placed at different sites i.e in close proximity of the application program. It is suitable for situations where joining of tables are less. This design alternative helps to reduce the communication cost during data processing. 2. Partially Replicated- copies of some tables or its portions are allocated at different sites depending upon the frequency of data access. Number of copies of tables (or its portions) are allocated on the basis of query access frequency and the site where queries are generated. 3. Fully Replicated- here, at each site, one copy of all the tables are stored and hence queries are very fast here requiring negligible communication cost. On the contrary, the massive redundancy in data requires huge cost during update operations. 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Fragmented- here, a table is divided into two or more pieces known as fragments or partitions, and each fragment can be stored at different sites. Fragmentation increases parallelism and there is only one copy of each fragment in the system, i.e. no redundant data. The three fragmentation techniques are: Vertical fragmentation Horizontal fragmentation Hybrid fragmentation 5. Mixed Distribution- This is a combination of fragmentation and partial replications. Here, tables are initially fragmented in any form (horizontal or vertical), and then these fragments are partially replicated across the different sites according to the frequency of accessing the fragments. | 0d)H(0do>   )K @$ @ DTjDr}1cOr___PPT10i.T+D=' = @B +"r$Vm2wI : Oh+'0h `h  PowerPoint PresentationSoumit ChowdhuryAdministrator30Microsoft Office PowerPoint@?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>@ABCDEFHIJKLMNSRoot EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UserGSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(cO DocumentSummaryInformation8?